Ingingo ya mbere: Icyo iri tegeko ngenga rigamije 

Iri tegeko ngenga rigamije gukuraho Inkiko Gacaca zishinzwe gukurikirana no gucira imanza abakoze icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994.

Rigamije kandi kugena uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byari mu bubasha bwazo byagaragara ko bitakemuwe n’ibindi byavuka nyuma. 

Ingingo ya 21: Itegurwa, isuzumwa n’itorwa ry’iri tegeko ngenga 

Iri tegeko ngenga ryateguwe, risuzumwa kandi ritorwa mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda. 

Ingingo ya 23: Igihe iri tegeko ngenga ritangira gukurikizwa

Iri tegeko ngenga ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. 

Ingingo ya 17: Guteza cyamunara

Haseguriwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 14, iya 15 n’iya 16 z’iri tegeko ngenga, guteza cyamunara mu irangizwa ry’ibyemezo by’Inkiko Gacaca bikurikiza amategeko asanzwe agenga icyamunara. 

Ingingo ya 2: Ivanwaho ry’Inkiko Gacaca 

Inkiko Gacaca zishinzwe gukurikirana no gucira imanza abakoze icyaha cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 zivanyweho.

Ingingo ya 22: Ivanwaho ry’Itegeko Ngenga n’ingingo z’amategeko zinyuranyije n’iri tegeko ngenga 

Itegeko Ngenga n° 16/2004 ryo ku wa 19/06/2004 rigena imiterere, ububasha n’imikorere by’Inkiko Gacaca zishinzwe gukurikirana no gucira imanza abakoze ibyaha bya jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994, nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu n’ingingo zose z’amategeko abanziriza iri kandi zinyuranyije na ryo bivanyweho.

Icyakora, haseguriwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 8, iya 9 n’iya 10 z’iri tegeko ngenga imanza zaciwe n’Inkiko Gacaca zishingiye ku itegeko ngenga ryavuzwe mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo zigumana agaciro kazo. 

Igika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo cyarangije umumaro wacyo wo kuvanaho Itegeko Ngenga rivugwamo, bityo ntikigikenewe kuko ibyo giteganya byarangiye. 

Igika cya 2 cyerekeye agaciro k’ibyemezo byafashwe n’Inkiko Gacaca na cyo ntigikenewe. Ibiteganywa muri iki gika ntibyari ngombwa kuko ibyemezo by’urukiko byabaye ndakuka biba byarabaye itegeko, urukiko rwabifashe rwagumaho cyangwa rutagumaho. Bityo, ibyemezo byafashwe n’Inkiko Gacaca bikaba bidashobora kugirwaho ingaruka n’ikurwaho ryazo. Ku bw’ibyo iki gika ntigikeneye kwimurirwa mu rindi tegeko.

Ingingo ya 19: Inyandiko zijyanye n’imanza zaciwe n’Inkiko Gacaca 

Inyandiko, amajwi, amafoto n’amashusho n’ibindi byifashishijwe mu manza z’Inkiko Gacaca byeguriwe Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside. 

Iyi ngingo ntigikenewe kuko ibyo yateganyaga byarangije gukorwa. 

Na none, nyuma y’uko Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside ikuweho n’Itegeko n° 066/2021 ryo ku wa 15/10/2021, inshingano yo gukusanya no kubika inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca yahawe MINUBUMWE binujijwe mu Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe n^o 017/03 ryo ku wa 10/05/2024 rigena intego, inshingano n’imbonerahamwe y’imyanya y’imirimo bya Minisiteri y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu (Reba ingingo ya 3(k)).

Ingingo ya 3: Amategeko agenga ikurikiranwa n’ihanwa ry’ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu 

Ikurikiranwa n’ihanwa ry’ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 byari bisanzwe biburanishwa n’Inkiko Gacaca, bikorwa n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha hakurikijwe amategeko asanzweho mu ikurikirana n’ihana ry’ibyaha. 

Icyakora, gukurikirana indishyi zikomoka ku cyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 bigengwa n’itegeko.

Ikurikiranwa n’ihanwa

Ikurikiranwa n’ihanwa ry’ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 byari bisanzwe biburanishwa n’Inkiko Gacaca rishobora gukorwa hashingiwe –

(a) ku Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu;

(b) ku ingingo ya 335(2) y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe, yerekeranye n’igihe itegeko ritangira gukurikizwa, iteganya ko ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 bihanwa hakurikijwe ibihano biteganyijwe muri iryo tegeko, uretse ibiteganyijwe ukundi n’itegeko, no ku ngingo zaryo, kuva ku ya 91  kugeza ku ya 95 zerekeranye n’ibyaha bya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.

Itangwa ry’ikirego cy’indishyi

Itangwa ry’ikirego cy’indishyi zishingiye ku cyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 rishobora gukorwa hashingiwe –

(a) ku ngingo ya 10 kugeza ku ya 14 zerekeranye n’ibirego by’indishyi z’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko ryahinduwe;

(b) no ku mahame y’amategeko mbonezamubano arebana n’uburyozwe bukomoka ku makosa. 

Kuba amategeko agenga ikurikirana n’ihanwa ry’ibyo bikorwa n’ikurikiranandishyi yaramaze gushyirwaho bigaragaza ko iyi ngingo itagikenewe.

Ingingo ya 6: Ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu biri mu bubasha bwa Komite y’Abunzi 

Hatitawe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa n’aho ababuranyi batuye cyangwa babarizwa, ibyaha byerekeye gusahura cyangwa konona umutungo, byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 byari bisanzwe biri mu bubasha bw’inkiko Gacaca, biburanishwa na Komite z’Abunzi hakurikijwe amategeko agenga imikorere y’izo komite, byaba byarakozwe n’abasivili, abajandarume cyangwa abasirikare. Abasahuye cyangwa abangije umutungo bategekwa kuwishyura. 

N’ubwo iri Tegeko Ngenga ryari ryarashyize ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo mu bubasha bw’Itegeko rigenga Komite y’Abunzi, ntibyashyizwe mu buryo butaziguye mu ngingo ya 10 y’Itegeko n° 37/2016 ryo ku wa 08/09/2016 rigena imitunganyirize, ifasi, ububasha n’imikorere bya Komite y’Abunzi yerekeranye n’ububasha bwa Komite y’Abunzi bushingiye ku kibazo cy’imbonezamubano, ubwo ryahindurwaga n’Itegeko nº 020/2020 ryo 19/11/2020

N’ubwo bimeze bityo, birashoboka kwaka indishyi z’akababaro cyangwa z’ibyangijwe hashingiwe –

(a) kuri iryo tegeko rigenga Komite y’Abunzi ku manza zirebana n’imitungo ifite agaciro katarengeje FRW 3.000.000; 

(b) naho ku manza zirebana n’imitungo irengeje ako gaciro, indishyi zishobora kwakwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’amahame yerekeye uburyozwe bukomoka ku makosa.

Ingingo ya 11: Irangizwa ry’imanza zerekeranye n’igihano cy‘igifungo n’icy’insimburagifungo cy’imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro 

Gushakisha abakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo n’inkiko Gacaca kimwe n’abakatiwe igihano nsimburagifungo cy’imirimo ifitiye Igihugu akamaro cyatanzwe n’Inkiko Gacaca bikorwa na Polisi y’u Rwanda.

Kurangiza ibihano bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo bikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko ariho abigenga.

Ibyateganywaga n’iyi ngingo ntibigikenewe kuko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 216 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko yahinduwe n’Itegeko nº 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023,  iteye ku buryo bukurikira:

«Ingingo ya 216: Inzego n’abantu bashinzwe kurangiza imanza 

Inzego n’abantu bashinzwe kurangiza imanza ni aba bakurikira:

(a) Urwego rw’u Rwanda rushinzwe Igorora, Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru, Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha, Polisi y’u Rwanda, Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare n’urwego rufite mu nshingano igororero rya gisirikare, ku byerekeye igihano cy’igifungo; 

(b) Urwego rw’u Rwanda rushinzwe Igorora, abakozi bo mu nzego z’ibanze babiherewe ububasha na Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano, n’urwego rufite mu nshingano igororero rya gisirikare, ku byerekeye igihano cy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange; 

(c) Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru, Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha, Polisi y’u Rwanda n’Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare, ku byerekeye igihano cy’ingereka;

(d) Umuhesha w’inkiko, ku byerekeye ihazabu n’indishyi; 

(e) umwanditsi w’urukiko, ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ihazabu n’amagarama y’urukiko, iyo hari ikintu cy’uwakatiwe kiri mu maboko y’urukiko. »

Birumvikana ko ibiteganywa mu gace ka (a) n’aka (b) tw’iyi ngingo bireba imanza mpanabyaha zose, harimo n’izaciwe n’Inkiko Gacaca.

Ku byerekeye ngingo ya 11(2) y’Itegeko Ngenga, amategeko akurikizwa mu kurangiza ibihano bivugwamo na yo yashyizweho, hashyirwaho Iteka rya Perezida n° 022/01 ryo ku wa 31/03/2023 rigena uburyo bwo gukora igihano cy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 225 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko ryahinduwe.

Ingingo ya 12: Uburyo bwo kwishyura imitungo 

Kwishyura bikorwa n’uwakoze icyaha ubwe cyangwa bigakorwa hakoreshejwe umutungo we. 

Icyakora, mu gihe uwakoze icyaha cyo gusahura cyangwa konona bigaragara ko nta bushobozi afite bwo kwishyura, uwakoze icyaha ategekwa gukora igihano nsimburagifungo cy’imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro. 

Ibyateganywaga mu ngingo ya 12(1) y’Itegeko Ngenga biri mu mahame y’amategeko mbonezamubano yerekeye uburyozwe mbonezamubano no mu mategeko y’imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano kimwe n’amategako yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. 

Ingingo ya 248 y’Itegeko n^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya uburyo bwo kwishyuza indishyi ku ngufu iyo uwatsinzwe urubanza atubahirije amasezerano yo kwishyura ku bushake, ku buryo bukurikira:

«Iyo amasezerano avugwa mu ngingo ya 243 y’iri tegeko atubahirijwe uko yakabaye, urubanza cyangwa indi nyandikompesha birangizwa ku ngufu za Leta hifashishijwe umuhesha w’inkiko kugirango uberewemo umwenda yishyurwe, imitungo y’ugomba kwishyura itezwe cyamunara kugirango ivanwemo ubwishyu, nta rundi rubanza rubaye. Ni nako bigenda iyo mu minsi mirongo itatu (30) ivugwa mu ngingo ya 247 y’iri tegeko, uwatsinzwe atigeze yegera uwamutsinze ngo bumvikane uburyo azamwishyura. »

Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya abishyuzwa indishyi, ku buryo bukurikira:

«Indishyi zishobora kuregwa uwakoze icyaha, uwo bafatanyije gukora icyaha, icyitso cye kimwe n’utegetswe kuriha indishyi. 

Indishyi zishobora kandi gusabwa abazungura b’uwakoze icyaha. »

Ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 12(2) y’Itegeko Ngenga ku itangwa ry’igihano cy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange igihe uwakatiwe adashoboye kwishyura ibigomba gusubizwa n’indishyi z’akababaro bigenewe uwakorewe icyaha, byateganyijwe neza mu ngingo ya 36 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteye ku buryo bukurikira:

«Mu gihe urukiko ruciye ihazabu, amafaranga y’urubanza, ubwishyu ubwo ari bwo bwose bugenewe isanduku ya Leta n’ibintu bigomba gusubizwa cyangwa indishyi z’akababaro bigenewe uwakorewe icyaha, rugena igihe cyo gukora igihano cy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange mu gihe uwakatiwe adashoboye kubahiriza ibyo yategetswe n’urukiko. 

Iyo urukiko rutegetse isubizwa ry’ibintu cyangwa indishyi z’akababaro bigenewe uwakorewe icyaha, imirimo y’inyungu rusange ntabwo ikuraho uburenganzira bw’uwakorewe icyaha kuri iryo subizwa cyangwa indishyi. 

Uwakatiwe igihano cy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange ntakomeza kugikora iyo yishyuye.»

Ingingo ya 15: Gutambamira icyamunara 

Igihe cyose cyamanura itararangira, uwo ari we wese ubona ko irangizwa ry’urubanza rishobora kubangamira inyungu ze, afite uburenganzira bwo kuritambamira kwa Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ibanze hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe. 

Iyo habaye itambama, cyamunara irahagarikwa kugeza igihe uwatambamiye cyamunara aherewe igisubizo mu gihe kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48). 

Iyi ngingo ntikiri ngombwa kuko ibyo yateganyaga biteganywa mu ngingo ya 254 y’Itegeko n^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe, iteye ku buryo bukurikira:

« Ingingo ya 254: Gutambamira cyamunara

Uvuga ko ibintu byafatiriwe byose cyangwa bimwe muri byo ari ibye, ashobora kubuza kubigurisha, atanga ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko rw'Ibanze rw'aho ibyafatiriwe biri cyangwa mu Rukiko rw’ubucuruzi iyo ibifatirwa biri mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi, bikamenyeshwa uwafatiriye n’uwafatiriwe ibintu n’ushinzwe kugurisha ibintu muri cyamunara nibura mbere y’uko igurisha rirangira. Ikirego gikorwa mu buryo bw'umwanzuro ukubiyemo ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibyo bintu ari ibye koko.

Urukiko ruburanisha icyo kirego mu gihe kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48) ruregewe, uwafatiriye n’uwafatiriwe ibintu n’ushinzwe kugurisha ibintu muri cyamunara bahari, rugafata icyemezo mu gihe kitarenze amasaha makumyabiri n’ane (24).

Iyo uvuga ko ibintu ari ibye atsinzwe acibwa ihazabu mbonezamubano y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000) ariko atarenze ibihumbi Magana atanu (500.000), bitabujije indishyi n'amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza bishobora guhabwa uwatewe igihombo wese muri urwo rubanza.

Nyir'ibintu byafatiriwe nawe ashobora gusaba indishyi akazihabwa iyo bigaragaye ko ibyafatiriwe ari ibye. »

Ingingo ya 4: Ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu biri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye 

Ibyaha bivugwa mu duce dukurikira biburanishwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye: 

1° ibyaha cyangwa ibikorwa by’ubufatanyacyaha bigamije gucura umugambi, gutegura, gushishikariza abandi, kugenzura no kuyobora jenoside cyangwa ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, byakozwe n’umuntu hamwe n’ibyitso bye; 

2° ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 byakozwe n’umuntu wari icyo gihe mu nzego z’ubuyobozi ku rwego rw’Igihugu n’urwa Perefegitura n’ibyitso bye.

Ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo byashyizwe mu ngingo ya 29 n’iya 42(1) z’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018  rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ku buryo bukurikira:

(A) Ingingo ya 29(2°) yerekeye ibyaha biburanishwa n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ku rwego rwa mbere iteganya ko ku byerekeranye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 –

«Inkiko Zisumbuye ziburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ibyaha bikurikira:

[...]

2° ibyaha bya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe mu Rwanda hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 n’aba bakurikira: 

(a) Umuntu wakoze ibyaha cyangwa ibikorwa by’ubufatanyacyaha bimushyira mu bacuze umugambi, abawuteguye, abawushishikarije abandi, abagenzuye n’abayoboye jenoside cyangwa ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, hamwe n’ibyitso bye; 

(b) Umuntu wari icyo gihe mu nzego z’ubuyobozi mu rwego rw’Igihugu cyangwa urwa Perefegitura n’ibyitso bye.» 

(B) Ingingo ya 42(1) yerekeye ububasha ku rwego rwa mbere bw’Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha byambukiranya imipaka iteganya ko –

«Urugereko rwihariye rw’Urukiko Rukuru rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere imanza zohererejwe u Rwanda n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda/Urwego rw’Inkiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga cyangwa izoherejwe n’inkiko z’ibindi bihugu.»

Ingingo ya 5: Ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu biri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ibanze 

Ibyaha bivugwa mu duce dukurikira biburanishwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze: 

1° Ibyaha bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 n„umuntu wari icyo gihe mu nzego z’ubuyobozi ku rwego rwa Superefegitura cyangwa urwa Komini: mu nzego z’ubutegetsi bwa Leta, mu mashyaka ya politiki, muri Polisi ya Komini, mu madini cyangwa mu mitwe yitwara gisirikari ku buryo butemewe n’amategeko cyangwa woheje abandi kubikora, hamwe n’ibyitso bye; 

2° ibikorwa byo gusambanya undi ku gahato cyangwa kwangiza imyanya ndangagitsina, byakozwe n’umuntu hamwe n’ibyitso bye; 

3° ubwicanyi; 

4° ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo; 

5° ibikorwa by’ubushinyaguzi ku murambo; 

6° ibikorwa byo kugirira nabi abandi bikabije bikabaviramo gupfa; 

7° ibikorwa byo gukomeretsa umuntu cyangwa kumugirira nabi bikabije hagambiriwe kumwica kabone nubwo umugambi wo kwica utagezweho; 

8° ibindi byaha byakorewe abantu bitagambiriye kwica. 

Ibyateganywaga n’iyi ngingo byashyizwe mu ngingo ya 26 y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018  rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ibiteganya ku buryo bukurikira:

« Inkiko z’Ibanze ziburanisha ibyaha bikurikira: 

[...]

2° ibyaha bya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe mu Rwanda hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 bikurikira: 

(a) ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo; 

(b) ubwicanyi;

© ibikorwa byo gusambanya ku gahato cyangwa kwangiza imyanya ndangagitsina; 

(d) ibikorwa by’ubushinyaguzi ku murambo; 

(e) ibikorwa byo kugirira nabi abandi bikabije bikabaviramo gupfa; 

(f) ibikorwa byo gukomeretsa umuntu cyangwa kumugirira nabi bikabije hagambiriwe kumwica kabone n’ubwo umugambi wo kwica utagezweho; 

(g) ibindi byaha byakorewe abantu bitagambiriye kwica; 

(h) ibindi byaha byakozwe n’umuntu wari mu nzego z’ubuyobozi ku rwego rwa superefegitura cyangwa urwa Komini, mu mashyaka ya politiki, mu gipolisi cya Komini cyangwa mu mitwe yitwara gisirikari, akaba yarakoze ibyo byaha cyangwa akoshya abandi kubikora hamwe n’ibyitso bye; 

3° gusubirishamo ingingo nshya imanza zaciwe n’Inkiko Gacaca zujuje ibiteganywa n’itegeko. 

Inkiko z’Ibanze ziburanisha kandi ibirego byerekeye ifunga n’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo ku rwego rwa mbere. »

Ingingo ya 7: Ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe n’umuntu wari umusirikare cyangwa umujandarume 

Ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe n’umusirikare cyangwa umujandarume, hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n'iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 byari bisanzwe biburanishwa n’Inkiko Gacaca bitarebana no gusahura no konona imitungo biburanishwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko rwa Gisirikare.

Ibyateganywaga n’iyi ngingo byashyizwe mu ngingo ya 83(2) y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018  rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko: 

«Urukiko rwa Gisirikare ruburanisha kandi abari abasirikare n’abajandarume bakurikiranyweho kuba barakoze ibyaha bya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe mu Rwanda hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 31 Ukuboza 1994. » 

Ingingo ya 8: Iburanishwa ry’uwari warakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca wohererejwe u Rwanda

Umuntu wohererejwe u Rwanda n’Igihugu cy’amahanga kugira ngo aburanishwe, yari yarakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca, aburanishwa n’urukiko rubifitiye ububasha nk’uko biteganywa n’iri tegeko ngenga. 

Icyakora, icyemezo cyari cyaramufatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca kibanza guteshwa agaciro n’urwo rukiko. 

Ibyateganywaga n’iyi ngingo byashyizwe mu Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko ryahinduwe n’Itegeko nº 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 hongerwamo ingingo ya 169 bis iteye ku buryo bukurikira:

« Ingingo ya 169 bis: Iburanishwa ry’uwari warakatiwe n’Urukiko Gacaca woherejwe mu Rwanda 

Umuntu woherejwe mu Rwanda n’igihugu cy’amahanga kugira ngo aburanishwe kandi yari yarakatiwe n’Urukiko Gacaca adahari, aburanishwa n’urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. Muri icyo gihe, urukiko rubanza gutesha agaciro icyemezo yari yarafatiwe n’Urukiko Gacaca.» .

Ingingo ya 9: Isubirishamo ry’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca uregwa atari mu gihugu 

Iyo umuntu yarezwe, akaburanishwa n’Urukiko Gacaca, agahamwa n’icyaha ari mu mahanga, agarutse kandi bikaba bigaragara ko atari yaratorotse ubutabera ashobora gusubirishamo urubanza rwaciwe adahari mu rukiko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha icyo cyaha nk’uko biteganywa n’iri tegeko ngenga. 

Umuntu usubirishamo urubanza abikora mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri (2) kuva ageze mu Gihugu kandi akurikiranwa adafunze kuri icyo cyaha kugeza hafashwe icyemezo kimuhamya icyaha cyangwa kimugira umwere.

Muri iyi ngingo, “gutoroka ubutabera” bisobanura kuba umuntu yaravuye mu gihugu yaratangiye gukurikiranwa n’ubutabera haba mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha cyangwa mu Nkiko Gacaca. 

Ibyateganywaga n’iyi ngingo byimuriwe mu ngingo ya 173 n’iya 174 z’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko zahinduwe n’Itegeko nº 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, ku buryo bukurikira:

«Ingingo ya 173: Gusubirishamo urubanza rwaciwe uregwa adahari 

(1) Gusubirishamo urubanza bigamije ko urubanza rwaciwe uregwa adahari rwongera kuburanishwa kandi bikorwa mu buryo bumwe n’ubwo gutanga ikirego.

(2) Gusaba ko urubanza rusubirishwamo bisabwa n’uwakatiwe mu rukiko rwaciye urubanza. Icyakora, gusubirishamo urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca bisabwa urukiko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibyaha byari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko Gacaca rwaciye urwo rubanza, mu ifasi urwo Rukiko Gacaca rwari ruherereyemo. 

(3) Umwanzuro usaba ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ugomba kugaragaza impamvu zikomeye zatumye ubisaba ataboneka mu iburanisha ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo. »

«Ingingo ya 174: Igihe cyo gusubirishamo urubanza 

(1) Gusubirishamo urubanza bikorwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15 ibarwa uhereye ku munsi usaba gusubirishamo urubanza abimenyeye.

(2) Iyo nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko uwaciriwe urubanza adahari yabonye imenyesha, ashobora gusaba kurusubirishamo igihe cyose igihano kitarasaza cyangwa igihe cyose urubanza rutararangizwa ku byerekeye indishyi. 

(3) Ku byerekeranye n’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca uwakatiwe ari hanze y’Igihugu, agatahuka bigaragara ko atatorotse ubutabera, gusubirishamo urubanza bikorwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 30 ibarwa uhereye ku munsi yagarukiye mu Gihugu. »

Biragaragara ko ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko Ngenga byashyizwe muri izi ngingo, zimaze kuvugururwamo ibintu byoroheje, nko kuba igihe ntarengwa cyo gusaba gusubirishamo urubanza cyaravanywe ku mezi abiri kigashyirwa ku minsi 30, kuko iyo minsi ihagije kugira ngo umuntu ugarutse mu Gihugu amenye ko afite urubanza anategure umwanzuro usaba gusubirishamo urubanza.

Ingingo ya 10: Isubirishamo ingingo nshya ry’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca 

Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iri tegeko ngenga kubera imwe (1) mu mpamvu zikurikira: 

1° iyo umuntu yari yarahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’urubanza rwabaye ndakuka rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca, nyuma uwo bamushinje ko yishe akaza kuboneka; 

2° iyo umuntu yari yarahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’urubanza rwabaye ndakuka rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca kandi ari icyo cyaha cyonyine cyamuhamye, nyuma hakaboneka urundi rubanza rwahamije undi muntu icyo cyaha cyonyine gusa kandi nta bufatanyacyaha buri hagati ya bombi; 

3°. iyo umuntu yari waragizwe umwere mu rubanza rwabaye ndakuka rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca, nyuma bikaza kugaragara ku buryobudashidikanywa ko hari amakuru yari yaratanzwe mu gihe cy’ikusanyamakuru, Atari yaramenyekanye mu gihe cy’iburanisha kandi nyamara agaragaza uruhare rwe;

4° iyo umuntu yahamijwe icyaha n’Urukiko Gacaca cyangwa yagizwe umwere ku buryo budasubirwaho, nyuma bikaza kugaragara ko Inteko Gacaca yaciye urubanza yari yahawe ruswa byemejwe n’urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. 

Uwakorewe icyaha, uwahamwe n’icyaha n’Ubushinjacyaha ni bo bonyine bashobora gusaba ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. 

Icyemezo cyafashwe ku rubanza gisaba gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya ntikijuririrwa. 

Ibyateganywaga n’iyi ngingo byavanyweho ku buryo buziguye, uretse agace kayo ka 1° (iyo umuntu yari yarahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’urubanza rwabaye ndakuka rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca, nyuma uwo bamushinje ko yishe akaza kuboneka) kagumyeho nk’irengayobora ku manza zaciwe n’Inkiko Gacaca, kimurirwa mu ngingo ya 197(4) y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk'uko ryahinduwe, yerekeye impamvu zituma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, iteye ku buryo bukurikira:

«Urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya kubera imwe mu mpamvu zikurikira: 

1) ushinjwa amaze gucirwa urubanza rw’uko yishe umuntu, hanyuma hakaboneka ibimenyetso bihagije byemeza ko uwo bakeka ko yishe atapfuye; 

2) bamaze gucira ushinjwa urubanza ku cyaha yashinjwaga, hakaboneka urundi rubanza nk’urwo rwahannye undi muntu kandi rumuhanira icyo cyaha, izo manza zombi zivuguruzanya zikaba zigaragaje ko umwe mu bakatiwe yarenganye; 

3) iyo habayeho ruswa muri urwo rubanza yemejwe n’urukiko kandi ikaba yaragize ingaruka ku mikirize yarwo; 

4) iyo haciwe urubanza bashingiye ku mpapuro, ku buhamya cyangwa indahiro byaje kugaragara cyangwa kwemezwa n’urukiko ko ari ibihimbano nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza; 

5) iyo kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo; 

6) iyo urubanza rushingiye ku byakozwe mu iburanisha bikozwe mu izina ry’umuntu utarigeze atanga ubwo bubasha mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, cyangwa ngo yemere cyangwa yemeze ibyakozwe. 

Ikimenyetso gishya kivugwa mu gace ka 5^o k’igika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga.

Ikimenyetso n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya.

Ku bijyanye n’imanza zaciwe n’Inkiko Gacaca, gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya byemerwa gusa iyo uwakatiwe urubanza yerekanye ko uwo yashinjwaga kwica akiriho. » 

Ku bw’ibyo, ibindi byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 10 y’iri Tegeko Ngenga byavanyweho. 

Ingingo ya 13: Ibigomba kubahirizwa mbere y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo byerekeranye n’umutungo 

Mbere y’uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa, ibyemezo byerekeranye n’umutungo wononwe cyangwa wasahuwe byari byarafashwe n’Inkiko Gacaca, bigomba kubanza gushyirwaho kashe mpuruza n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwo mu ifasi y’aho urubanza rwabereye bimaze kwemezwa n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari k’aho urubanza rwabereye, mu nyandiko ashyikiriza Perezida w’urwo rukiko. 

Ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 13 y’Itegeko Ngenga byashyizwe mu Itegeko n^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe  n’Itegeko nº 007/2023 ryo ku wa 22/01/2024, hongerwamo ingingo ya 278 bis iteye ku buryo bukurikira: 

« Ingingo ya 278 bis: Ibigomba kubahirizwa mbere y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyemezo cyerekeranye n’umutungo 

Mbere y’uko icyemezo cyerekeranye n’umutungo wononwe cyangwa wasahuwe cyafashwe  n’Urukiko Gacaca gishyirwa mu bikorwa, kibanza gushyirwaho inyandiko mpuruza n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwo mu ifasi y’aho urubanza rwabereye bimaze kwemezwa n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari k’aho urubanza rwabereye, mu nyandiko ishyikirizwa Perezida w’urwo rukiko. »

Ingingo ya 14: Uburyo bwo guteza cyamunara 

Iyo igihe cyo guteza cyamunara kigeze, umutungo ugomba gutezwa cyamunara uragurishwa, amafaranga avuyemo akagabanywa abafite kopi y’urubanza irihokashe mpuruza. 

Mbere yo guha urangirizwa urubanza amafaranga avuye muri cyamunara, umuhesha w’inkiko atanga itangazo ahamagarira abantu bose bafite kopi y’urubanza batsinzemo nyir’umutungo watejwe cyamunara, kumenyekanisha umwenda ababereyemo mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30). 

Iyo igihe kivugwa mu gika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo kirangiye, amafaranga ahabwa abantu bamenyekanye. 

Iyo umutungo w’ugomba kwishyura warigishijwe, uhita ushinganwa mu maboko y’uwo uherereyeho, ugatezwa cyamunara hatitawe k’uwufite.

Ingingo ya 16: Impaka zijyanye no kurangiza imanza 

Impaka zose zivutse mu irangizwa ry’ibyemezo byafashwe n’Inkiko Gacaca hadakurikijwe amategeko n’amabwiriza yabigengaga igihe ibyo byemezo byafatwaga zikemurwa n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwabishyizeho kashe mpuruza cyangwa rw’aho cyamunara yabereye, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko asanzwe. 

Icyemezo cyafashwe kuri izo mpaka kijuririrwa inshuro imwe (1). 

Ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 16 y’Itegeko Ngenga byashyizwe mu Itegeko n^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe  n’Itegeko nº 007/2023 ryo ku wa 22/01/2024, hongerwamo ingingo ya 278 ter iteye ku buryo bukurikira. 

« Ingingo ya 278 ter: Ikemurwa ry’impaka zivutse mu irangizwa ry’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca

Impaka zivutse mu irangizwa ry’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca zikemurwa n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwarushyizeho inyandiko mpuruza cyangwa rw’aho cyamunara yabereye, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko abigenga. Icyemezo gifashwe kuri izo mpaka kijuririrwa inshuro imwe. »

Ingingo ya 18: Irangizwa ry’igihano nsimburagifungo cy’imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro 

Iteka rya Perezida ryerekana kandi rigashyiraho uburyo igihano nsimburagifungo cy’imirimo ifitiye Igihugu akamaro cyatanzwe n’Inkiko Gacaca gikorwa ku manza za jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.

Ingingo ya 20: Kongera kwandika icyemezo cyafashwe n’Inkiko Gacaca cyaburiwe irengero 

Ukeneye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Inkiko Gacaca ariko kikaba kitagishoboye kuboneka, yiyambaza Ubushinjacyaha bwo ku rwego rw’Ibanze bugakusanya amakuru yo kongera kucyandika bundi bushya. Ayo makuru ashyikirizwa Urukiko rw’Ibanze kugira ngo rwandike bundi bushya icyemezo. 

Ibyateganywaga n’iyi ngingo byateganyijwe, mu buryo burambuye, mu Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko ryahinduwe n’Itegeko nº 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, hongerwamo ingingo ya 264 bis iteye ku buryo bukurikira:

« Ingingo ya 264 bis: Kongera kwandika icyemezo cy’Urukiko Gacaca 

(1) Ukeneye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Gacaca ariko kikaba kidashobora kuboneka, asaba Ubushinjacyaha bwo ku rwego rw’ibanze gushaka amakuru yo kongera kucyandika. Ubushinjacyaha bushyikiriza mu buryo bw’ikirego ayo makuru urukiko rw’ibanze kugira ngo rwongere rucyandike. 

(2) Ikirego gisaba kongera kwandika icyemezo cy’Urukiko Gacaca gisuzumwa mu buryo bumwe n’ubw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe. Icyemezo gifatwa mu minsi itarenze 30 uhereye ku munsi ikirego cyasuzumiweho. 

(3) Iyo icyemezo cy’uwakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo n’Urukiko Gacaca kitabonetse kandi atarakoze cyangwa atararangije igihano, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko yakatiwe, ashobora gufatwa agafungwa by’agateganyo, agashyikirizwa urukiko rusabwa kwandika icyemezo cy’urukiko. Urwo rukiko rushobora gufata icyemezo kimufunga by’agateganyo iminsi itarenze 30 mu gihe hategerejwe ko icyemezo cy’urukiko cyongera kwandikwa.»